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Burnout syndrome and cardiovascular somatic symptoms in nurses from a health facility in the Distrito Federal

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EnfermerasClara Ivette Hernández Vargas
Arturo Juárez García
Elena  Hernández Mendoza
José Antonio Ramírez Páez

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Abstract

Burnout syndrome and cardiovascular somatic symptoms in nurses from a health facility in the Distrito Federal

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is relatively often present in personnel who work in health facilities as an affective psycho- social response of showing oneself emotionally exhausted; it is manifested through negative attitudes and feelings toward workers. Cardiovascular diseases are de most significant among the produced physical alterations.

Objectives: 1) To identify the level of Burnout Syndrome within a group of nurses in a health facility in the Distrito Federal; 2) To determine the relation between Burnout Syndrome, cardiovascular somatic symptoms, and blood pressure measurements. Methodology: In 109 nurses Bournout score was assessed through Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBIG-S) Core ver- sion with two subscales: emotional tiredness(0.85) and deperso- nalization (0.78); a questionnaire of cardiovascular symptoms and a protocol of estimated points of blood pressure at work. Results: 67{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} of nurses were predominant with medium Burnout score; low and high levels were represented with 19{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} and 14{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} respectively. It was obtained a significant correlation (r=348 p≤=0.01) between the cardiovascular symptoms and Bournout syndrome, as well as with the component of emotional tiredness (r=374 p≤=0.01). The relation between blood pressure and Burnout Syndrome it did not show significance.

Conclusions: The significant relation between cardiovascular symptoms and Burnout syndrome showed subjectively a first manifestation of cardiovascular disea- se which can be physically exposed latter. In the case of emotional tired- ness and cardiovascular symptoms, a hypothesis is founded: as long as phy- sical and emotional tiredness are per- ceived in and by working, there is an increment in presence of cardiovas- cular disease.

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Indicador de Presión en el Trabajo en ejecutivos mexicanos y estrategias de manejo con enfoque de Desarrollo Humano Organizacional

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Indicador de presion en el Trabajo

ROBERTO ISAÍAS SALGADO MEJÍA

Universidad Iberoamericana

El mundo actual implica una época de grandes cambios, con ritmos de vida acelerado, mayor demanda de competencia y especialización, permanente reformulación de objetivos, metas y estrategias. Este entorno exige a las personas del mayor grado de autonomía, flexibilidad, iniciativa, seguridad en sí mismo y capacidad para moldearse a situaciones nuevas, Así, las contrareidades  y exigencias que cotidianamente debe enfrentar el ser humano propician estar sometidos al estrés y sus posibles consecuencias negativas. (Rodríguez y cols. 2004)

Construcción de un Índice de Condiciones Laborales por Estados para México

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Construcciónn de un índice de condiciones laborales por estados para méxicoRodríguez-Oreggia E,
Silva Ibarguren L.

Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey,
Escuela de Graduados en Administración Pública y Política Pública (EGAP).

El presente estudio propone la construcción de un índice de condiciones laborales para cada estado de México. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta nacional de empleo 2004, se agrega un índice donde se comprenden tres dimensiones: condiciones de igualdad (por género y de ingreso), trabajo cubierto por la seguridad social y premios salariales por educación.
Los resultados muestran que los estados con mejores condiciones son en general los estados del norte: Coahuila, bcs, Aguascalientes, Nuevo León, bc y Chihuahua. Los estados con condiciones laborales menos favorables son Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, Guerrero y Chiapas.

 

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Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional en México. Factores Psicosociales, Carga Mental, Desgaste Ocupacional y su Medición (burnout), Implicaciones Económicas, Prácticas Gerenciales, Compromiso Organizacional, Empoderamiento, Acoso en el Trabajo (mobbing), Antropología y Estrés, Globalización y Salud en el Trabajo.

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Psicologia de la Salud Ocupacional en México

Felipe Uribe Prado

Facultad de Psicología
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

La investigación social ha demostrado que las pérdidas económicas y humanas ocasionadas por factores psicosociales en el trabajo pueden generar costos económicos tan grandes como las mismas ganancias. La rotación, el ausentismo, los accidentes y la baja productividad ocasionados por un mal ambiente de trabajo, estrés y conflictos de poder son determinantes para que una empresa y una nación no alcancen el desarrollo económico, el progreso técnico, el incremento de la productividad y la estabilidad social. La identificación y control de los factores psicosociales nocivos en el trabajo ha sido el mayor punto de encuentro entre la OIT y la OMS en los últimos años, concluyendo, que para beneficiar a la humanidad se debe proteger la salud y bienestar de los trabajadores y sus familias.

Este libro se dirige a interesados en la Psicología de la Salud ocupacional. Su propósito principal es servir a la comprensión de algunos problemas ocupacionales relacionados con los factores psicosociales en el trabajo, que a pesar de ser complejos y difíciles de entender, representan las percepciones, experiencias, y problemas del mundo del trabajador mexicano. Lo más importante del texto radica en el aprovechamiento que se pueda tener de la información aquí vertida para fines de identificación, diagnóstico, intervención y prevención de problemas en el campo de la psicología de la salud ocupacional.

Se puso especial empeño en conservar un carácter científico, crítico y técnico para la conformación de los capítulos de este libro. Algunos de los cuales son producto de reflexiones de experiencias reales y culturales de una sociedad particular como la mexicana,

otros, se refieren a problemas complejos sólo puestos en evidencia a partir de investigaciones de alta calidad. Sin duda, todas las experiencias aquí vertidas son producto de valiosas vivencias que los autores tienen en su actuar como académicos y/o consultores de organizaciones, ya que muchos de los temas aquí desarrollados son producto de investigaciones, intervenciones organizacionales, ponencias académicas o tesis doctorales de investigadores mexicanos de alto nivel en Psicología, Medicina, Antropología y Administración.

Work conditions and masked (hidden) hypertension—insights into the global epidemic of hypertension

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Work conditions and masked (hidden) hypertension—insights into the global epidemic of hypertensionLandsbergis P,
Schnall P,
Belki K,
Schwartz J,
Baker D,
Pickering T,

Department of Community and Preventive Medicine
State University of New York.

Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. There is considerable evidence that work conditions play an important role in the etiology of essential hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure during waking hours (work and home) is more strongly associated with subsequent cardiovascular disease than the traditional measurement of casual clinical blood pressure. A person with normal clinical blood pressure but elevated awake ambulatory blood pressure is said to have “masked” (or “occult” or “hidden”) hypertension. Masked hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and has been observed in 10–30{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} of adults with normal clinical blood pressure. It has been hypothesized that exposure to workplace stressors first elevates work, but not clinical, blood pressure; after chronic exposure to stressors, both daytime and clinical pressure become elevated. In this manuscript, an algorithm is provided that targets ambulatory monitoring for high-risk groups and helps detect work-related hypertension. A public health approach incorporating clinical guidelines, workplace surveillance, and improved work conditions is recommended for tackling the epidemic of hypertension.

 

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Unhealthy Work: Causes, Consequences, Cures (Critical Approaches in the Health, Social Sciences)

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Peter Schnall
Marnie Dobson
Ellen Rosskam
Paul Landsbergis
Deborah Gordon

Work, so fundamental to well-being, has its darker and more costly side. Work can adversely affect our health, well beyond the usual counts of injuries that we think of as ‘occupational health’. The ways in which work is organized – its pace and intensity, degree of control over the work process, sense of justice, and employment security, among other things – can be as toxic to the health of workers as the chemicals in the air. These work characteristics can be detrimental not only to mental well-being but to physical health. Scientists refer to these features of work as ‘hazards’ of the ‘psychosocial’ work environment. One key pathway from the work environment to illness is through the mechanism of stress; thus we speak of ‘stressors’ in the work environment, or ‘work stress’. This is in contrast to the popular psychological understandings of ‘stress’, which locate many of the problems with the individual rather than the environment. In this book we advance a social environmental understanding of the workplace and health. The book addresses this topic in three parts: the important changes taking place in the world of work in the context of the global economy (Part I); scientific findings on the effects of particular forms of work organization and work stressors on employees’ health, ‘unhealthy work’ as a major public health problem, and estimates of costs to employers and society (Part II); and, case studies and various approaches to improve working conditions, prevent disease, and improve health (Part III).

Reflexiones al concepto de Salud

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World Health Organization

Germán Gómez

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza

El concepto de salud adolece de una concentrada dosis de biologismo, en la medida que homologa a la existencia toda de los individuos y la “salud”. Ello es manifiesto en la definición misma de la OMS, que engloba en la salud al total de dimensiones de la existencia: “lo social”, “lo físico” y “lo mental”. Ello ha hecho portar a la Medicina, profesión bimilenaria, una enorme y creciente responsabilidad, cuyos alcances no parecen hoy suficientes para mantener la existencia íntegra de las grandes masas humanas. Es posible sostener que ese abultado concepto de salud es uno de los elementos tras el fracaso del proyecto de la OMS Salud para Todos en el Año 2000, implantado hace 27 años.

Por ello parece prudente reflexionar sobre el aligeramiento del concepto de salud mismo. Se propone aquí entender a la salud sólo como una de tres dimensiones, circunscrita dentro del bienestar genérico, y junto a bienestar convivencial y también el bienestar mental de individuos y colectivos.

Promover una existencia plena y versátil de los individuos requiere la concurrencia equitqtiva de especialistas tanto médicos como no médicos y convertirse en un ejército no sólo de “trabajadores de la salud”, sino promotores de existencia plena y versátil de individuos y colectivos. Sin ello, bien pudiéramos declarar desde ahora un modificado y más modesto plan: “Salud para todos en DosmilAños”.

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Condiciones de Trabajo, Fátiga y Bajo Peso al Nacer en Vendedoras Ambulantes

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Condiciones de Trabajo, Fátiga Laboral y Bajo Peso al NacerPatricia Hernández-Peña
Maria de la Luz Kageyama
Irma Coria
Bernardo Hernández
Sioban Harlow

Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional (CISP)
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), México.

Objective. This study presents the demographic, socioeconomic profile, working conditions and labor fatigue among fertile age street vendors in Mexico City. Material and methods. 426 female street vendors were interviewed in Mexico City. This population was described and the association between the components labor fatigue and low birth weight (LBW) was analyzed by logistic regression in a subgroup of women who worked as street vendors during their last pregnancy. Results. Of the interviewed group, 56{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} works more than 48 h per week, 87{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} had no social security, and 68{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} only had primary school level. The risk of LBW increased when workers had to cover selling quotes (OR 6.5, CI95{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} 1.3-31) when the merchandise were seasonal tools such as accesories or spare parts (OR 6.3, CI95{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} 1.5- 26), when women had to exhibit their merchandise on the floor or carry it (OR 7.7 CI95{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} 1.8-32) and when financial support to initiate vending activities came from someone other than a close relative or friend (OR 7.4 CI95{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586}, 1.2- 44). Conclusions. These results contribute to identify the female vendors with higher risk of having child with LBW and suggest preventive actions.

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Síndrome de Burnout en el Profesional de Enfermería que Labora en Áreas Criticas

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Síndrome de Burnout en el Profesional de Enfermería que Labora en Áreas criticasYessenia Gamonal Mosaurieta
Carmen García Vargas
Ines Silva Mathews

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú.

The Burnout’s syndrome, is a state of tiredness or frustration made by the lack of recompense expected, after an effort dedicated, preceded by an stage of lack of motivation, production and inefficacy; these situation is one of the main causes of deterioration of job conditions, increase of accidents and labour absenteeism. Objective: to determine the existence of Burnout’s syndrome among nurses of critical units from a children health institution. Material and methods: the study was quantitative – descriptive and cross –sectional, made in five services of critical areas of a
health institution level III; population was formed by 132 professional nurses with a participation of 105 following inclusion and exclusion criteria; to data collect it was used the self-applied questionnaire of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in translated and validated version in Peru; through personal interviews and deliver of instrument in close envelop; data analysis was made through descriptive statistic with univariated and bivariated analysis with the help of SPSS v. 13. Results: 78.1{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} had Burnout’s syndrome trend, mainly low level in all dimensions: depersonalization, emotional tiredness 66.7{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} and personal performance 65.7{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586}; al nurses showed low personal performance; however, at surgical room and emergency they showed emotional tiredness in a medium level as well (30.4{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} and 33.9{20a60b73a1cda07ce2433237b967754d6e53d5d16fc2e14f7e109f91f7e5e586} respectively). Conclusion: high Burnout’s syndrome trend with low personal performance in all critical areas, especially surgical room.

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